medicine
Europe is currently facing a shortage of organs, leading to increasingly long waiting lists for transplants. As well as improving the quality of life of their recipients, transplants also help save money for public health systems. For example, a kidney transplant recipient costs Spain €30,000 less per year than a patient on dialysis, according to the Spanish National Transplant Organisation. The Hungarian presidency of the Council of the EU has now introduced a new proposal aimed at increasing "organ availability, enhancing efficiency and accessibility in transplant systems, and improving qual...
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Doctors should reduce “unnecessary” prescriptions and blood tests in a bid to curb their profession’s contribution to the climate crisis. That’s according to new guidance released by the UK’s Royal College of Physicians (RCP) this week. Its ‘Green Physician Toolkit’ suggests a range of actions that doctors can take, including talking to patients about how to protect themselves from the deadly impacts of rising emissions. “It can of course be challenging to prioritise sustainability at a time when there is very high demand for clinical care, but we have to keep in mind that reducing climate cha...
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Talc was classified as “probably carcinogenic” to humans by the cancer agency of the World Health Organization (WHO). A working group of 29 scientists from 13 countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, and published their findings in The Lancet Oncology00384-X/abstract) last week. The classification is the “second highest level of certainty that a substance can cause cancer”. Talc’s previous classification was as a “possible carcinogen.” Talc was classified “on the basis of a combination of limited evidence for cancer in humans (for ovarian cancer)...
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Taxing broad-spectrum antibiotics that contribute most to drug resistance could reduce prescriptions in favour of other medicines, UK-based researchers say. The main contributor to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is when bacteria no longer respond to medicine, is overuse and misuse of antibiotics. Antibiotics are categorised as narrow-spectrum (i.e. targeting specific bacteria) or broad-spectrum (those used more broadly). While narrow-spectrum drugs can help slow AMR, they require knowledge of the bacteria causing an infection, whereas broad-spectrum antibiotics don’t. Researchers looked...
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A popular weight-loss drug may help people who struggle with a serious sleep disorder, according to a new study. Tirzepatide, the medication in the weight-loss drug Zepbound and the diabetes treatment Mounjaro, appeared to reduce the severity of sleep apnoea, according to a new study. The findings were published in the New England Journal of Medicine last week, and included 469 people with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). OSA is a disorder where people stop breathing while they are asleep because the tissue in the throat relaxes and collapses during sleep, fully or partially blockin...
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Many countries have been experiencing increasing medicine shortages, with the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbating the problem. In the US, active drug shortages hit an all-time high of 323 in this year’s first quarter, according to the University of Utah Drug Information Service, up around 86 per cent from a 10-year low of 174 last reached in 2017. A statement last week from the Pharmaceutical Group of the European Union (PGEU), meanwhile, highlighted doctors' and pharmacists' concerns about a rise in drug shortages in Europe. The group's annual survey also found that drug shortages affected all Eur...
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Rectal cancer disappeared in all patients involved in a small clinical trial of a new immunotherapy treatment, according to updated results released this month. The study was a collaboration between the US-based Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) and the pharmaceutical company GSK. It looked at a new drug called dostarlimab-gxly to treat patients with a specific type of rectal cancer caused by a genetic mutation. “As a clinician, I’ve seen firsthand the debilitating impact of standard treatment of dMMR rectal cancer and am thrilled about the potential of dostarlimab-gxly in these pat...
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A panel of advisers to US health regulators backed a drug to slow Alzheimer's disease on Monday setting the stage for its expected approval for patients at an early stage of the disease. The advisers voted unanimously that the drug's benefits outweighed its risks, which include side effects like brain swelling and bleeding that will have to be monitored. "I thought the evidence was very strong in the trial showing the effectiveness of the drug," said panel member Dean Follmann, a National Institutes of Health statistician. The drug, donanemab, is from pharmaceutical company Eli Lilly and has b...
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It takes a decade on average before a new medication arrives on the market. Now, the French start-up Yseop is trying to use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) to speed up the process. Clinical trials often generate a huge amount of data, and it’s the job of medical writers to generate clinical trial protocols and final reports. How are new AI tools being used in doctors' offices?"They have to report how the clinical trial went, who the participants are, the details of the participants and they have to give details [about] the manufacturing, the stability of the manufacturing, the quali...
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Ramping up basic infection control measures could prevent 750,000 deaths linked to antibiotic resistance per year in developing countries, according to a new study. Antimicrobial resistance, when bacteria, viruses, or other microbes no longer respond to medicine, is a global public health threat, with researchers estimating that nearly 5 million deaths globally are associated with it. It is mainly driven by the misuse and overuse of antibiotics in humans, animals, and plants, experts say. In a new four-part series published on Thursday in the Lancet, researchers recommend new global targets to...
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